![]() He founded more than twenty cities, with the most prominent being the city of Alexandria in Egypt. With his death marking the start of the Hellenistic period, Alexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism that his conquests engendered, such as Greco-Buddhism and Hellenistic Judaism. In the years following his death, a series of civil wars broke out across the Macedonian Empire, eventually leading to its disintegration at the hands of the Diadochi. Alexander's death left unexecuted an additional series of planned military and mercantile campaigns that would have begun with a Greek invasion of Arabia. ![]() Due to the demand of his homesick troops, he eventually turned back at the Beas River and later died in 323 BC in Babylon, the city of Mesopotamia that he had planned to establish as his empire's capital. Alexander endeavored to reach the "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea" and invaded India in 326 BC, achieving an important victory over Porus, an ancient Indian king of present-day Punjab, at the Battle of the Hydaspes. After the fall of Persia, the Macedonian Empire held a vast swath of territory between the Adriatic Sea and the Indus River. Following his conquest of Asia Minor, Alexander broke the power of Achaemenid Persia in a series of decisive battles, including those at Issus and Gaugamela he subsequently overthrew Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety. In 334 BC, he invaded the Achaemenid Persian Empire and began a series of campaigns that lasted for 10 years. Alexander then led the League of Corinth, and used his authority to launch the pan-Hellenic project envisaged by his father, assuming leadership over all Greeks in their conquest of Persia. In 335 BC, shortly after his assumption of kingship over Macedon, he campaigned in the Balkans and reasserted control over Thrace and Illyria before marching on the city of Thebes, which was subsequently destroyed in battle. Until the age of 16, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle. ![]() He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. 48.1487 for “maiolica,” see 48.1336.Alexander III of Macedon ( Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, romanized: Alexandros 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. To see other works by Giulio da Urbino, click on his name in the creator field for more information on “istoriato” wares, see no. ![]() It was made in the prominent maiolica center of Urbino, by the artist Giulio da Urbino, and the date 1534 is painted on the back of the plate. This composition is representative of the “istoriato” (tells a story) style, which emerged at the beginning of the sixteenth century, and often depicted stories from Classical literature. The back of the plate is white stained with green, with one raised circle at the rim in the center in blue is the inscription, “1534/÷Alisandro On the right side of the scene, Alexander’s companions appear puzzled, indicating their disbelief at Diogenes’ wish and his indifference to social hierarchy. Described by the Greek biographer Plutarch (46-120 CE) in his Life of Alexander (Book 14), when Alexander appeared before Diogenes, the philosopher’s only request was that the powerful military hero step aside, as he was blocking the sunlight. On this plate, Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE) is shown visiting Diogenes of Sinope (412-323 BCE), a Greek philosopher who lived without worldly possessions in a wooden tub.
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